how do i make file

Incremental compilation is nice, but expressing dependencies between objects, sources and headers is a pain in the ass. gcc -M is utter garbage not unlike GCC itself and generates thirty to fifty useless prerequisites per file in case one of the system headers changes. Gotta make sure, the user might be retarded after all.

How do I write good make files and still have time for actual programming?

Splitting up files in C or C++ is the root of all evil and unneeded complexity. Your whole program ought to be one single source file. Anything under 100k sloc = one file. If this is too difficult for you, I suggest using a better editor than Sublime. It saves a massive amount of headache to only have to deal with linking external libraries in your makefile rather than linking your own code together.

The same applies for Javashit code btw since it shares the same compilation model.